Geotrichum candidum Mediated [Cu8O7 + P2O5] Nanocomposite Bio Fabrication, Characterization, Physicochemical Properties, and its In-Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation

Geotrichum candidum could biosynthesize of [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] nanocomposite by using a biological method of fungal-free extract. Different characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The XRD study of [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC showed that this hybrid nanocomposite is a Monoclinic 2 crystal structure with a space group P 2 1 / C . The crystallite size (D) value average is 12.80 nm for [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC . By using DFT computations, the direct energy gap value is 1.557 eV for [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC . For [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC was tested as an antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Candida albicans , and anti-fungal by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was measured and the values ranged from 0.02 to 0.012 g/l with different strains of bacteria and C. albicans and from 0.100 to 0.012 g/l for different strains of fungi, these results showed that [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC can control pathogens in wastewater treatment units. Finally testing the efficiency of the produced [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC was tested against polluted water samples with pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and certain heavy metals from Kitchener drainage in Mahalla, Gharbia governorate , Egypt. [ G. candidum /Cu 8 O 7 + P 2 O 5 ] NC hybrid nanocomposite can inhibit bacteria by 90% compared to amoxicillin as a synthetic antibacterial which reduced the total count by 54.8% and fungi by reducing the total count by 100% compared to Nystatin as a standard of antifungal which reduced the total count of fungi by 98%. Also had high activity to remove of certain heavy metals nearly to 91.4% for Pb, 22.8% for Cd, 36.6% for Cr, 10.9% for Ni, and 25.8% for Zn.