Utilizing Carbon Ions to Treat Medulloblastomas that Exhibit Chromothripsis

Purpose of Review Novel radiation therapies with accelerated charged particles such as protons and carbon ions have shown encouraging results in oncology. We present recent applications as well as benefits and risks associated with their use. Recent Findings We discuss the use of carbon ion radiotherapy to treat a specific type of aggressive pediatric brain tumors, namely medulloblastomas with chromothripsis. Potential reasons for the resistance to conventional treatment, such as the presence of cancer stem cells with unique properties, are highlighted. Finally, advantages of particle radiation alone and in combination with other therapies to overcome resistance are featured. Summary Provided that future preclinical studies confirm the evidence of high effectiveness, favorable toxicity profiles, and no increased risk of secondary malignancy, carbon ion therapy may offer a promising tool in pediatric (neuro)oncology and beyond.