Hybrid Beamforming for MISO System via Convolutional Neural Network

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is a promising approach to obtain a better balance between hardware complexity and system performance in massive MIMO communication systems. However, the HBF optimization problem is a challenging task due to its nonconvex property in terms of design complexity and spectral efficiency (SE) performance. In this work, a low-complexity convolutional neural network (CNN)-based HBF algorithm is proposed to solve the SE maximization problem under the constant modulus constraint and transmit power constraint in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) system. The proposed CNN framework uses multiple convolutional blocks to extract more channel features. Considering that the solutions for the HBF are hard to obtain, we derive an unsupervised learning mechanism to avoid any labeled data when training the constructed CNN. We discuss the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of both the generalization ability for multiple CSIs and the specific solving ability for an individual CSI, respectively. Simulations show its advantages in both SE and complexity over other related algorithms.