The Politeness Strategies Found in @kulinersby's Instagram Account in Promoting Culinary Businesses

This study aims to find out the types of politeness2 that are found in @kulinersby's promotion culinary business promotion, and from there, the comments that are included as politeness:. The analysis is based on the theories of Brown and Levinson (1987) and Watts (2003). Watts (2003) states that what is theoretically considered as politeness (politeness2) in Brown and Levinson (1987) may not be the case in reality (politenessO. This research is a qualitative, content analysis study, which data are limited to video-based posts, with the comments related only to how the account's administrator promotes culinary businesses. By using both politeness theories in the analysis, the writers find that there are some similarities and differences, notably in expressing positive politeness. Some comments using jokes which are considered as positive politeness in politeness2, for instance, become sarcasm, criticism, insult, and satire in politeness. In conclusion, despite the lasting influence of Brown and Levinson's (1987) theory, it still has some notable flaws, notably with universality and multiple interpretations of the strategies by different individuals, among others.