Enhancement of dielectric properties of borate glasses doped BaTiO3 for energy storage devices: characterization of optical, thermal and electrical properties

Addition of lithium and manganese cations to borate glasses gives an essential enhancement of the dielectric properties. A strong challenge for energy storage devices is the high energy dissipation. Moreover, the ease of manufacture and the ability to control the glass composition make them significantly useful for a wide range of applications. Herein, borate glasses doped high polarizable BaTiO 3 are synthesized by the melt-quenching method. The fully amorphous nature of all glasses is demonstrated. The density and molar volume are found to increase with increasing BaTiO 3 . The thermal stability study exhibits two glass-transition temperatures for the glasses containing BaTiO 3 . The most important optical parameters including band gap and Urbach energy are estimated. The BaTiO 3 -addition causes an initial reduction of band gap, however further addition makes the band gap wider. The activation energy for dc conduction is found to be between 0.98 and 1.07 eV. The dc conductivity decreases with incorporation of BaTiO 3 due to the large sizes of barium and titanium ions compared to the size of boron ions, which reduces the ion mobility of the glasses. The influence of temperature, composition and frequency on the dielectric characteristics such as dielectric constant ε ′, dielectric loss ε ′′, loss factor tan δ and ac conductivity is investigated. The glasses of higher BaTiO 3 content exhibit higher dielectric constant and lower dissipation factor (