Condition-Based Multi-State-System Maintenance Models for Smart Grid System with Stochastic Power Supply and Demand

This study established power-related efficiency measures from the perspective of reliability, namely, power system availability, expected power deficiency, accumulated power deficiency, instantaneous power capacity, and accumulated power capacity for a hybrid power system (HPS) in a generic smart grid. Methodologically, a power supply–demand stochastic model that simultaneously considers the inherently stochastic nature of power supply and demand was developed to quantify their interrelationship and characterize the dynamic behavior of an HPS in a continuous-time Markov chain. Preventive maintenance (PM) models were also constructed to determine the optimal PM strategy in alignment with specific scenarios that reflect the power performance requirements and resource limitations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the design of experiments (DOE) scheme that simulated climate change and revealed that extreme climate worsens power-related efficiency measures. This analysis provides further insight into the extent to which extreme climate conditions diminish the engineers and designers of smart grid systems’ power-related efficiency measures. The proposed approach will potentially contribute to sustainability and maintainability in the clean energy industry.