Effect of a front inclined hole on multiscale vortical structures around a wall-mounted cube

To reveal the multiscale wake structures of a wall-mounted cube and the effects of a front inclined hole (FIH), a combination of wavelet multiresolution analysis and vortex identification techniques is applied to analyze time-resolved particle image velocimetry data. The cube model has a side length D = 50 mm and the Reynolds number ReD = 7800. The inlet of the FIH is located at a height 0.71D on the front surface of the cube, and the outlet is located at the center of the free end. Statistical analysis indicates that an FIH can reduce the recirculation zone around the cube, suppress downwash flow, and alter the development of free-end shear flow. The turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy in the wake also decrease significantly in the presence of an FIH. The wavelet multiresolution analysis shows that the main structures of the flow field experience a transformation from small to intermediate and then large scales from the shear layer around the standard cube to its wake. However, in the presence of an FIH, the scale of the flow structure near the free end becomes smaller, the large-scale structure in the wake is weakened, and the transition from small to intermediate scales is no longer obvious. The wavelet vortex dynamics analysis reveals the evolutions of vortex structures with different scales. In the presence of an FIH, the trend of large- and intermediate-scale coherent structures moving to the bottom wall is weakened, while the streamwise extent of small-scale structures is greater. In the large-scale component of the wake, a transverse secondary vortex is observed, which is formed by the combined action of a shedding transverse vortex and downwash flow.