Impurity Systems in Condensed Helium-4

We reviewed systems formed in liquid and solid helium-4 at high concentrations (10 16 cm −3 and higher) of impurity particles. A new explanation for the reversible coagulation of fine hydrogen particles into big flakes observed upon the transition of liquid helium into the superfluid phase is propo...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of low temperature physics 2022, Vol.208 (1-2), p.50-66
Hauptverfasser:	Boltnev, R. E., Bykhalo, I. B., Krushinskaya, I. N.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Coagulation Condensed Matter Physics Fluids Helium isotopes Icebergs Impurities Liquid helium Low temperature physics Magnetic Materials Magnetism Nanoclusters Physics Physics and Astronomy Solid helium Superfluidity
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	We reviewed systems formed in liquid and solid helium-4 at high concentrations (10 16 cm −3 and higher) of impurity particles. A new explanation for the reversible coagulation of fine hydrogen particles into big flakes observed upon the transition of liquid helium into the superfluid phase is proposed. The importance of nanoclusters presence in helium crystals doped with impurity particle for the metastability of icebergs is discussed.
ISSN:	0022-2291 1573-7357
DOI:	10.1007/s10909-021-02617-4