Fluorographene and Its Composites: Fundamentals, Electrophysical Properties, DFT Studies, and Advanced Applications

Fluorographenes (FGs) are the youngest family of graphene derivatives 2D layer‐structure, which has changed the hybridization state from sp2‐to‐sp3 carbon and unique CF bonds impacting physical and chemical properties. Due to various types of CF bonds, wide bandgap, tunable F/C ratios, and unique nanostructure, the FGs show attractive physicochemical properties. Owing to the extraordinary properties, the researchers have recently paid attention to exploring FGs into fluorographene composites (FG‐Cs) as a potential candidate for fundamental advances in the field of the energy system, optoelectronic, biomedical, and aeronautics. Despite their promise, in‐depth experimental and theoretical studies of FGs over FG‐Cs are not explored systematically. This review focuses on the recent experimental developments on FGs and FG‐Cs, including fundamentals and electrophysical properties, synthesis methods, conductivity, hydrophobicity, and magnetic nature. Further, for the validation, the theoretical studies, first‐principle study/density functional theory emphasize their real intrinsic activity, stability, and effects of F content, defects, and doping mechanism. Finally, the wide applications, energy systems to biomedical and optoelectronics to the aerospace industry, along with challenges and future perspectives, are also discussed. This review aims to conclude valuable insights into the fundamental science and perspective toward highly efficient FG‐C‐based catalysts engineering in advanced applications. Recent experimental developments on fluorographenes (FGs) and fluorographene composites (FG‐Cs), including synthesis methods, electro‐physical properties, intrinsic activity, and the first principle/density functional theory (DFT) study, are presented. The wide applications, energy systems to biomedical and optoelectronics to the aerospace industry are also summarized. This review aims to provide the synergy between experimental and theoretical study of FG‐Cs for next‐generation catalyst engineering.