Porous scaffold preparation analysis for knee joint using chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles under fuzzy uncertainty

In this research, the purpose is to make a multi-layer porous scaffold with different porosity. The prepared sample has a functionally graded materials (FGM) structure made of chitosan-poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and various percentages of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles which are analytically investigated using fuzzy uncertainty. The compressive strength and elastic modulus are measured by mechanical testing and used in the modeling study of Abaqus software. Finally, samples containing the optimum weight percentage of n-HA can be used as a bone substitute for knee joint repair. Many thin components of structures, such as beams, plates, and shells, have thermal changes in thickness. To characterize the samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used for characterization of morphology. These mechanical changes can lead to mechanical deformation, including in-plane components as well as out-of-plane curved components. The obtained results indicate that reducing the mechanical deformation of one component can be achieved using composites whose fibers have a negative longitudinal expansion coefficient. This result is independent of the actual mechanical values within the fixed properties of the components. The beam can also be designed to match or approach an in-plane expansion coefficient or a desired longitudinal stiffness. The size of the pores in the SEM images depict between 100 and 15 μm in the first sample, 150 to 210 μm in the second sample, and 250 to 270 μm in the third sample and suddenly visible with a steady trend in the fourth sample. •The purpose is to make a multi-layer porous scaffold with different porosity.•The prepared sample has FGM structure made of chitosan- PVA and n-HA nanoparticles.•Reducing the mechanical deformation of one component can be achieved using composites.•The size of the pores in the SEM images depict between 100 and 15 μm in the first sample.