Silver, Copper, Magnesium and Zinc Contained Electroactive Mesoporous Bioactive S53P4 Glass–Ceramics Nanoparticle for Bone Regeneration: Bioactivity, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity

The structural, electrical, in-vitro bioactivity, cell cultures, and antibacterial properties of therapeutic ions (silver, copper, magnesium, and zinc) doped mesoporous S53P4 electroactive glass–ceramics nanoparticles for bone regeneration was investigated in this study. Silver, copper, magnesium and zinc doped S53P4 mesoporous glass–ceramics (MGCs): 53SiO 2 –23Na 2 O–(20−x)CaO–4P 2 O 5 where x = 2 for silver, copper, magnesium and zinc oxides were synthesized through evaporation induced self-assembly process. The embedment of therapeutic ions in the samples was shown by small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy experiments. The mesoporous structure of the samples was clearly revealed by N 2 adsorption–desorption and electron microscopic studies. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements reveal the effect of therapeutic ions doping on the local structure changes of glass matrix. The electrical property of materials is identical to the human bone. In vitro bioactivity studies found that therapeutic ions doped MGCs retain the formation of bone-like hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid. Silver, copper, magnesium, and zinc doped MBCs had not been shown the significant cytotoxic effects in cell culture studies. The antibacterial activity of the samples was higher for Ag doped MGC against pathogenic bacteria ( S. aureus and E. coli ). These outcomes show that the therapeutic ion doped MGCs are potential electroactive orthopaedic implants.