Sensor orientation and noise analysis of the Kashmir-Zanskar seismic network: an appraisal from 2014 to 2020

This paper presents estimated misorientation angles of broadband seismic sensors of the Kashmir-Zanskar network and their effects on anisotropy determinations and great-circle-path deviations. The misorientations were calculated from the difference between backazimuths of Rayleigh waves and those of the great-circle-arcs connecting the source and receiver. Waveforms of global Rayleigh waves extracted from the records of 13 broadband seismographs in the Kashmir-Zanskar region of Northwestern Himalaya, and 3 others around the region, were used to evaluate misorientation errors in each of these sensor installations. Three of the 16 were found to have orientation errors between ± 5 and 10° with respect to the geographic north, 4 between 10 and 16° and the remainder with