A numerical model for analysis of a pile subjected to horizontal dynamic loading in elastic homogeneous and nonhomogeneous soils

Several methods are available to design piles subjected to horizontal loadings. A simplified, one-dimensional finite element model that is applicable for various types of lateral loadings such as harmonic or impact loading as well as applicable for soil with different types of inhomogeneity that can be used in preliminary design was needed. The model is based on the beam on a dynamic Winkler foundation model with the simplicity that the connected springs and dashpots at the side and at the base of the pile are frequency independent for a wide range of loading frequencies. The model is validated in two ways. First, the model results are compared with the results of a three-dimensional finite element solution. Second, the model results are compared to a case where the soil stiffness and damping are frequency dependent. For validation, the response of piles to harmonic and impact loading as well as piles in inhomogeneous soils is presented. The determination of the active length of the piles was also determined. The simplified model response is shown to be quite satisfactory. Thus, this simplified model will be of value to design engineers in their preliminary analysis.