Gut bacterium induced pesticide resistance in insects with special emphasis to mosquitoes

Human beings are greatly threatened by the dangerous pathogens spread by mosquitoes, especially malarial parasite transmitted by Anopheles sp . , dengue virus by Aedes sp . , and filarial worm by Culex sp. Insecticide-based control strategies were playing a significant part in controlling the vectors and thereby reducing the chances of disease spreading. Due to the insecticide resistance acquired by the mosquito, the diseases are now resurgent. New control tactics should be raised against the mosquitoes and the microbes can form an alternate way. Many microbes are now used to eliminate both adults and larvae of mosquitoes. Microbes have been isolated from various sources like soil, rocks, plants, etc. which possess the potential to be used for bioremediation. Even though the bacteria are the main members of the insect gut, other non-bacterial members like, viral, fungal and protist communities should be characterized and identified as they have a role in regulating the population size. Therefore to limit the extensiveness and competence of insect vectors of human diseases, the use of microbial symbionts and paratransgenesis can be a powerful tool. By analyzing the role of microbes in insecticide degradation inside the gut, a strategy for preventing insecticide resistance development can be developed.