Modern Wound-Healing Gels with Antibacterial Properties Based on Copper Nanoparticles

It is shown that a polyfunctional gel with copper nanoparticles (NPs) 65 nm in diameter has wound healing properties, increasing the rate of wound regeneration by 30–40% compared to the control. The histological analysis of wound tissue sections indicates active re-epithelialization, and more intensive formation of connective tissue and collagen fibers with an ordered structure in the wound bed during treatment by gel with copper NPs than in control animals. The gel with copper NPs shows antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, to a greater extent for staphylococcus aureus. The gel with copper NPs has good biocompatibility when estimated by fibroblast proliferation model in vitro. One of the mechanisms of high regenerative activity of the gel with copper NPs at the initial stage of the wound-healing process is activation of the signaling pathway of the regenerative process, i.e., an increase in the level of NO in the wound tissue, which was confirmed by studies using electron paramagnetic resonance.