The Development Model of Semar Counselling to Improve the Self-Esteem of Vocational Students with Psychological Distress

The development of the Semar counselling model is a new breakthrough as a pi-oneer of the counselling model of Indonesian cultural thinking, which was devel-oped to improve the self-esteem of vocational students who experience psycho-logical distress. The research procedure was adapted from the development re-search procedure of previous study, which consists of three stages: preparation stage, product preparation stage and test phase or product validation. An expert and a counsellor assessed the development of the Semar counselling model to improve the self-esteem of vocational students who experience psychological dis-tress. They found that the acceptance criteria were met based on the Standards for Evaluation of Educational Programs, Projects and Materials. The result of a field trial using pretest and posttest control group design, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and two independent Mann–Whitney U Sample Tests showed that the Semar counselling model is more effective in improving the self-esteem of vocational students who experience psychological distress.