Engineering of ultrasound contracts agents-focused cabazitaxel-loaded microbubbles nanomaterials induces cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis in cancer cells

Tumour-induced sentinel lymph node diagnosis and metastatic therapeutic techniques are limited by current strategies nowadays. Herein, we combined iron oxide nanomaterials with chemotherapy drugs in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) multifunctional microbubbles (MMBs) to develop and visualize tumour lymph node treatment. Fabrication and loading of perfluorocarbon gas-filled PLGA microbubbles with co-encapsulated cabazitaxel (CTX) and Fe 3 O 4 nanomaterials were accomplished. Ultrasound (US) imaging enhancement and US-induced drug delivery have been investigated in vitro and in vivo to improve the outcomes. The MMBs had a mean size of 881.45 ± 70.19 nm, with a narrow size dispersion and a smooth surface. It was also shown that the amount of Fe 3 O 4 nanomaterials in the MBs did not affect the CTX drug loading efficiency or encapsulation. Our outcomes showed that these MMBs could improve ultrasound imaging in vitro and in vivo and improve tumour lymph node signals. Biomarkers of tumour proliferation profile and micro blood/lymphatic vessel density were used to assess the anti-tumour efficacy of MMBs-mediated chemotherapy in vivo. These markers were consistently lower after MMBs + sonication treatment than controls. The tumour cell apoptosis index was shown to be highest following MMBs plus sonication treatment, which is in line with this finding. A cabazitaxel-loaded PLGA-Fe 3 O 4 nanomaterials therapeutic and diagnostic agent for low-frequency US-triggered US imaging of the lymph node metastasis has been developed successfully. It may provide an approach for the chemotherapy and imaging of primary metastasis tumours.