The Motor Synergies’ Organization Features at Different Levels of Motor Control during High Coordinated Human’s Movement

The study considers the synergetic effects manifested at the level of interaction between the various parts of the musculoskeletal system with the patterns of bioelectrical activity of skeletal muscles within the framework of the concept of hierarchical, modular principle of control. Motor synergies were studied at the muscular, kinematic, and neuronal levels. The spatial and temporal structure of motor synergies during the performance of a short straight punch by highly skilled boxers was considered. Synergies were extracted using factor analysis by principal component extraction. It was found that the muscles that form the spatial structure of the first synergy have patterns of impulse activity of the control signals characteristic of the synergy. The spatial-temporal characteristics of the movements of the body segments, as well as the parameters of the electrical activity of the skeletal muscles in the structure of synergies, demonstrate high stability in repeated realizations of the motor action and low variability in the intra- and interindividual comparison. The intermuscular interaction characteristic of synergy can be achieved by different strategies for organizing the impulse activity of motor units. A movement that is complex in coordination can have different temporal patterns of synergy activation, but the patterns of one form can be shifted in time relative to each other when they are compared during multiple realizations of a model movement.