Rising Issues in VANET Communication and Security: A State of Art Survey

VANET (Vehicular Adhoc Network) has made an evolution in the transportation hi-tech system in most of the developed countries. VANET plays an important role in an intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper gives an overall survey on the research in VANET security and communication. It also gives parameters considered by the previous researchers. After the survey, it considered the authentication and message forwarding issues required more research. Authentication is first line of security in VANET; it avoids attacks made by the malicious nodes. Previous research has come up with some Cryptographic, Trust based, Id based, and Group signature based authentication schemes. Speed of authentication and privacy preservation are the important parameters in VANET authentication. This paper presented the AECC (Adaptive Elliptic Curve Cryptography), and EECC (Enhanced Elliptic Curve Cryptography) schemes to improve the speed and security of authentication. In AECC, the key size is adaptive, i.e. different sizes of keys are generated during the key generation phase. Three ranges are specified for key sizes: small, large, and medium. In EECC, added an extra parameter during the transmission of information from, the vehicle to the RSU for key generation. This additional parameter gives the information about the vehicle ID, and the location of the vehicle to the RSU and the other vehicle. Under the communication issue of VANET, the paper gives priority based message forwarding for improving the message forwarding scheme. It handles emergency situations more effectively.