Carbon vs. cost option mapping: A tool for improving early-stage design decisions

This paper presents a new methodology for cost- and carbon-optimal generation of multi-storey building designs. The methodology features algorithms for automatic optimised design of concrete, steel, and timber frames; established as well as novel decking technologies; and foundation options. Applying the methodology, we illustrate the potential carbon and cost savings unlocked by well-informed early-stage design decisions by means of two test cases: a simple rectangular building and another with more complex geometry. We show that the impact of early-stage design decisions such as column grid, site, frame material, and decking choice have much larger emission saving potential than the choice between optimisation objectives. •Significant emission savings unlocked by better early-stage design decisions.•Fast generation of design options for multi-storey buildings with new methodology.•Various frame types and foundation options compared.•Layout, frame type, and decking choice are very significant carbon and cost drivers.•2030 emissions targets can be met with today's technologies.