Adaptive sliding mode estimation of state of charge implemented on a field programmable gate array Spartan‐6 Xilinx device

This paper presents the implementation of adaptive sliding mode estimation (ASME) of the state of charge of a battery on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The study is conducted in two steps: in the first step, we design an adaptive sliding mode observer by taking into account an electrical equivalent circuit describing the battery's behavior and identify the parameters of this equivalent circuit by using the recursive least squares estimation method. In the second step, we study the implementation of this ASME on an FPGA card.