Utilization of Landsat-8 (OLI) Image Data for Geological Mapping of the Neo-Proterozoic Basement Rocks in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt

This article discusses in detail the ability of Landsat-8 remotely sensed data to recognize and map Neo-proterozoic basement rocks in the Igla area. The Igla area in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt is covered by a variety of Neo-proterozoic rocks comprising three tectonostratigraphic assemblages: ophiolitic, island arc, and late-to-post-tectonic assemblages. Lithological and structural mapping was achieved using Landsat-8 image data analysis, field verification, and microscopic studies. Image enhancement techniques have been applied using correlation coefficient and optimum index factor for selecting the best false-color composite, principal component analysis (PCA), and band ratio images. Based on spectral signatures, the supervised classification provided useful information and substantially improved geological mapping. The spectral measurements of the rock samples from the study area were integrated with previously obtained data, and the improved and enhanced methods were used to yield good results. Principal component analysis (PCA) (PC4, PC1, and PC3) and band ratio (6/5, 4/3, and 2/1) and (4/2, 6/7, and 5/6) in RGB with supervised classification techniques have been proven to be the best for distinguishing between the different rock units. A comparison between the map in the current study and the published geologic maps of the Igla area and field verification indicates that the present mapping, identification, and discrimination of lithological units are more accurate and much better. Accordingly, we recommend the present processing enhancement using remote sensing techniques for geological studies in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and similar arid areas worldwide.