Lightweight Hardware Implementation of Binary Ring-LWE PQC Accelerator

Significant innovation has been made in the development of public-key cryptography that is able to withstand quantum attacks, known as post-quantum cryptography (PQC). This paper focuses on the development of an efficient PQC hardware implementation. Specifically, an implementation of the binary Ring-learning-with-errors (BRLWE)-based encryption scheme, a promising lightweight PQC suitable for resource-constrained applications, is proposed. The paper first develops the mathematical formulation to present the proposed algorithmic process. The corresponding hardware accelerators are then described in detail. Finally, comparisons with previous implementations are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed design. For instance, the proposed low-complexity accelerator has 34.7% less area-delay product (ADP) than the state-of-the-art design for n=256 n=256 in the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. Apart from the efficiency of the hardware architectures, the proposed design also has a complete input/output processing setup, and thus is feasible for emerging lightweight applications.