Vanadium properties, toxicity, mineral sources and extraction methods: a review

Vanadium properties, toxicity, mineral sources and extraction methods: a review

Vanadium chemicals, known as the “vitamins of the modern industry,” are major resources widely used in the petroleum, steel, batteries and catalyst industry. Vanadium is also essential in biological systems. Here we review vanadium properties, mineral sources and recovery methods such as blank, sodi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-04, Vol.20 (2), p.1249-1263
Hauptverfasser: Peng, Hao, Guo, Jing, Li, Bing, Huang, Huisheng
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Alkaline leaching
Ammonium
Ammonium compounds
Analytical Chemistry
Batteries
Calcium
Catalysts
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Energy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Food processing
Geochemistry
Groundwater
Ion exchange
Leaching
Methods
Petroleum
Petroleum industry
Pollution
Properties
Review
Sodium
Solvent extraction
Solvent extraction processes
Steel alloys
Toxicity
Vanadium
Vitamins
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Vanadium chemicals, known as the “vitamins of the modern industry,” are major resources widely used in the petroleum, steel, batteries and catalyst industry. Vanadium is also essential in biological systems. Here we review vanadium properties, mineral sources and recovery methods such as blank, sodium and calcium roasting, water, acidic and alkaline leaching, hydrolysis, ammonium precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction and ion exchange.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-021-01380-y