Multi-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Based on GHZ States Entanglement Swapping

In this paper, a multi-party quantum secret sharing protocol based on GHZ states entanglement swapping and measurement is proposed. Firstly, we define the “characteristic”, then, using the property that multiple groups of GHZ states swapping any particles to keep the characteristics unchanged, a relationship between the characteristics of measurement results, initial state characteristics and Pauli operator characteristics is given, and the protocol is completed by utilizing this equation. In this scheme, the quantum resources involved are only the n GHZ state particles distributed by Trent transmitted in the quantum channel to the participants, and the other classical bit resources are distributed in advance or generated by the participants themselves, which improves the security of resource transmission. Furthermore, all participants only need to make GHZ measurements and contribute their own sub-secrets, and can recover the shared secret through a simple XOR formula. It is proud that the efficiency of the whole scheme (i.e. 1/3 n ) has also reached the ideal situation.