Formulation of a stable water-in-oil nanoemulsion rich in anti-diabetic components of the roselle extract for controlled release

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is a good source of the anti-diabetic agents like cyanidin-3-sambubioside, delphinidin-3-sambubioside, and delphinidin-3-glucoside. However, their rapid degradation nullifies their maximal dosage delivery to the human body to adequately impart their therapeutic benefits. Hence, this work aimed to improve the absorption of anti-diabetic components in the Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (roselle) extract through oral consumption of a w/o nanoemulsion prepared using an integrated low-energy phase inversion and high-energy ultrahomogenization method. The water-in-oil nanoemulsions (w/o) were screened to identify the optimal condition for preparing stable nanoemulsions with the lowest mean droplet size (MDS) of