Principles of Making Materials with a Spatial Distribution of Macroscopic Zones with Different Physical and Mechanical Properties

The metallophysical principles and technological aspects are considered for developing a new class of materials characterized by a spatial distribution of macroscopic zones with different physical and mechanical properties, as well as gradient materials. The potential for making such materials has been demonstrated by the example of alloys belonging to the iron-chromium-nickel system of the austenitic-martensitic class. The role of severe plastic deformation and heat treatment using laser radiation for the production of materials consisting of paramagnetic macroscopic zones distributed in a certain way within a ferromagnetic matrix is analyzed. The potential for using such materials for manufacturing active parts of electrical machine rotors are discussed.