Au modified spindle-shaped cerium phosphate as an efficient co-reaction accelerator to amplify electrochemiluminescence signal of carbon quantum dots for ultrasensitive analysis of aflatoxin B1

•CePO4@Au was introduced into the ECL immunosensor for the first time, which significantly improved the electrochemiluminescence intensity of the NHCDs-H2O2 system.•CePO4@Au can promote the decomposition of H2O2 to produce O2•−, the repeated conversion of Ce4+ and Ce3+ has high electrocatalysis activity, which can facilitate the production of O2•−.•BaTiO3@Ag was used as a carrier to accurately capture NHCDs and anchor antibodies to provide a stable ECL signal.•The established ECL immunosensor exhibited low detection limit of 9.55 fg/mL for AFB1. In various detection methods of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), false positives and false negatives are common due to the low sensitivity, expensive equipment or improper pretreatment during operation. Here, a sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor armed with a synergistic co-reaction acceleration strategy was employed for the ultra-sensitive detection of AFB1. Benefiting from the catalytic properties of Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pairs, cerium phosphate@gold (CePO4@Au), for the first time, was introduced into the immunosensor as a new type of co-reaction accelerator, and it significantly improved the ECL intensity of the nitrogen doped hydrazide conjugated carbon dots (NHCDs)-H2O2 system. CePO4@Au has the ability to promote the decomposition of H2O2 and accelerate the formation of O2•−. The more of O2•− reacts with NHCDs to produce a stronger and more robust ECL signal response. Furthermore, the spindle-shaped sensing interface formed by oxidation cerium and phosphate has a high loading area and good biocompatibility, and the modification of Au nanoparticles further achieves the stable binding of the capture antibody. Striving for further improvement, Ag modifies Barium titanate (BaTiO3), as the signal carrier with amplification ability, loads with a large number of anodic luminescent carbon quantum dots, were adopted as detection markers for the construction of sandwich ECL biosensors. The co-reaction amplification system achieves high precision quantitative detection of AFB1 in the linear range of 0.01 pg/mL–100 ng/mL, and the detection limit is 9.55 fg/mL. In addition, the constructed biosensor also showed good stability, reproducibility and specificity, with a promising application prospect.