Endometriosis detection and localization in laparoscopic gynecology

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition typically treated via laparoscopic surgery. Its visual versatility makes it hard to identify for non-specialized physicians and challenging to classify or localize via computer-aided analysis. In this work, we take a first step in the direction of localized endometriosis recognition in laparoscopic gynecology videos using region-based deep neural networks Faster R-CNN and Mask R-CNN. We in particular use and further develop publicly available data for transfer learning deep detection models according to distinctive visual lesion characteristics. Subsequently, we evaluate the performance impact of different data augmentation techniques, including selected geometrical and visual transformations, specular reflection removal as well as region tracking across video frames. Finally, particular attention is given to creating reasonable data segmentation for training, validation and testing. The best performing result surprisingly is achieved by randomly applying simple cropping combined with rotation, resulting in a mean average segmentation precision of 32.4% at 50-95% intersection over union overlap (64.2% for 50% overlap).