Electron Dynamics in a Chorus Wave Field Generated From Particle‐In‐Cell Simulations

How to properly describe resonant interactions between electrons and quasi‐coherent chorus waves is still an open question. Previous studies have progressed from modeling chorus as a single wave to considering effects such as amplitude modulation or phase decoherence in wave particle resonance. However, incorporating realistic features of chorus waves in test particle calculations has always been a challenging but critically important step to evaluate their nonlinear effects. In this work, we use a rising‐tone chorus element generated by a particle‐in‐cell simulation in test‐particle simulations. The used chorus wave naturally has features including amplitude modulation, phase decoherence and dynamic evolution during propagation. Our results suggest that, while being latitudinal dependent, realistic features of chorus generally lead to significant suppression of nonlinear effects. This result should be important to understand phase space transport of electrons due to interactions with chorus waves. Plain Language Summary Whistler mode chorus waves are electromagnetic emissions commonly found in the magnetosphere. These waves are known to be able to produce relativistic electrons through acceleration and precipitate energetic electrons into the atmosphere to form diffuse aurora. Previous works have shown that when interacting with electrons, intense (>100 pT) chorus waves can trigger remarkable nonlinear effects, known as phase‐bunching and phase‐trapping. These effects have been shown to be able to cause rapid acceleration or scattering of energetic electrons. On the other hand, several studies have suggested that nonlinear motion of electrons could be affected by certain observed features of chorus waves, such as amplitude modulation or phase decoherence. In this study, we incorporate multiple features of chorus waves simultaneously into test‐particle simulations by using a chorus wave field generated from first‐principle particle simulations. Our results show that nonlinear effects are suppressed significantly when all these features are taken into account. We suggest that this method is useful to understand how to properly model nonlinear effects of chorus waves on energetic electron dynamics. Key Points We present the first test‐particle simulations using chorus waves generated by a PIC simulation as input The PIC chorus wave field has realistic features including amplitude modulation, phase decoherence and dynamic evolution The efficiency of nonlinear