Application of Selenium Nanoparticles Diets in Ruminants

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are mineral elements with a particle size of 1 to 100 nm prepared by reducing selenate or selenite. Se NPs have a higher effect on glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, body weight, nutrient conversion efficiency, nutrient utilization, free radical inhibition, meat quality, survival rate, Se content in tissues, rumen microbial activity, stimulation of enzyme activity compared to other selenium sources (sodium selenite, yeast-derived selenium, organic selenium sources) in animal nutrition with their large surface area/volume ratio. In addition, Se NPs exhibit lower toxicity than selenite. Se NPs can be used at lower doses and thus it may have the potential to reduce environmental pollution indirectly. This review aims to provide a summary of the studies conducted on the physical, chemical, and metabolic properties, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, dietary requirement, deficiency, fertility, sperm quality and performance of Se NPs used in ruminants nutrition.