A scoping review of epidemiological studies of sugar intake in Asian countries: comparison of dietary assessment methodology

Inclusion criteria were: published in English; full-text articles in peer-reviewed journals; targeting habitants in Asian countries; estimating self-selected dietary intakes of sugar in participants; and assessing dietary intake using dietary assessment methods at individual level. Exclusion criteria were: reviews, case reports, proceedings, and abstracts; studies on the contents of sugar in food items or dishes; nonhuman studies; using food supply data; targeting Asian-origin population in Non-Asian countries; using only a biomarker for estimation of sugar intake; estimating dietary intake regulated for the purpose of experiment/treatment; and estimating intake of sugar as foods. [...]only 12% of the total studies and 20% of the studies with sugar as the primary exposure/outcome were considered to report high-quality data.