Magnetic resonance in the evaluation of circulation and mass transfer in human

The purpose of this study is to highlight the modern possibilities of magnetic resonance as a unique method for assessing and visualizing living systems from the standpoint of chemistry and physics, in particular, from the standpoint of biochemistry and biophysics of metabolism: circulation and mass transfer of protons as a part of water and macromolecules due to flow, diffusion, and perfusion effects in tissues. The main sections of the review are devoted to the use of the mapping method of the macromolecular proton fraction for the determination of the biochemical composition of tissues, evaluation of free diffusion of molecules based on diffusion-tensor and diffusion-kurtosis magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), analysis of the mass transfer of protons in human body fluids due to the flow (circulation) and perfusion effects in the permeable tubular structures (vessels), as well as in complex multicomponent life support systems of the human central nervous system. The effects of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin conversions during cognitive disorders are specially considered. The results obtained by the listed MRI techniques are used in the construction of models of proton, macromolecular, cellular, and system interactions in living systems.