Geoengineering characteristics modeling of Eocene limestone beds of the upper plateau of Mokattam area, Egypt using GIS techniques

This research paper is concerned with studying and evaluating the geoengineering characteristics and potential risks of the area under study with a view to safe urban expansion using GIS techniques. Different geotechnical laboratory tests such Atterberg limits, free swelling test, swell potential and pressure tests, chemical analysis, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and rock quality designation (RQD) were performed on 28 boreholes (95 samples). Furthermore, X-ray diffraction was used to examine clay minerals. The results indicate that the UCS values range from 47 to 72.2 kg/cm 2 and RQD from 21 to 45%. The free swell ratio ranges from 110 to 120%, and the plasticity index from 34 to 37%. In addition, GIS techniques have been utilized to produce the distribution layers of different geotechnical characteristics, then integrated to produce a geospatial urban model for delineating and defining safe and dangerous urban zones. This model is classified into four classes: low, moderate, high and very high hazard. Low and moderate hazards were detected in the major portion of the survey area. These portions are suitable for foundations at shallow depths. However, high to very high hazards were detected in the southeast portion of the study area. The reason for these areas is caused by the existence of heavily fractured limestone and highly swelling clay layers. This model would aid in the creation and discovery of the best areas of shallow base in the region under consideration.