Development of the Pediatric Healthcare Provider's Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain

The Pediatric Healthcare Provider's Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PHPKAS) was developed to survey interdisciplinary health care team members about children's pain, including updated pediatric pain assessment and management evidence and pediatric pain care concerns. This survey is a revision of the Pediatric Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (PNKAS-1999) and PNKAS-Shriner's revision (2002). Items were revised to reflect current pediatric pain management evidence, then rated by 12 international pediatric pain management experts to establish content validity. Cronbach's alpha was 0.80 from first-time responses of 302 pediatric health care providers and students, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Item difficulty index ranged from 21% to 96%. Construct validity was established by comparing responses (N = 14) before and after participation in an education program, and by comparing responses from 94 pediatric nurses and 126 nursing students (p < 0.0005). Test-retest reliability was established (r = 0.89) by repeat testing of 41 health care professionals 20 to 30 days apart and before an interdisciplinary education program regarding pediatric pain management. The PHPKAS [c]2019 Renee Manworren, is a 41-item, valid, and reliable survey to identify intra- and interprofessional health care providers' gaps in pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes. Available electronically at Key Words: Pain, pain assessment, pain management, children, Pediatric Healthcare Provider's Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain.