Development of on‐road emission inventory and evaluation of policy intervention on future emission reduction toward sustainability in Vietnam

This study developed updated emission inventories for 2010, 2015, and 2019 base‐year for road transportation in Vietnam with future projections for 2020, 2025, and 2030. In general (2019 base‐year), motorcycles contributed a substantial CO, NMVOC, PM10, PM2.5, OC, and CH4 (~53%–89%), while BC, NOx, and SO2 were mostly from diesel‐powered trucks (~42%–76.3%). The countrywide emission contributions from two rapidly growing cities (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh [HCM]) were estimated to be 11%–16.2% and 16.6%–20.2%, respectively, and CO2 was found to be the leading pollutant that contributes to the overall Global Warming Potential (41% of CO2e) in Vietnam. In terms of future emission projections, the suggested or planned policy interventions (i.e., banning motorcycles, improved fuel quality, introducing electric vehicles, and public transportation) are expected to lead to 11%–125% (compared to Business As Usual) emission reductions in 2030, pushing Vietnam a step toward environmental sustainability.