Elections with Multiple Positive and Negative Votes

We investigate the performance of a voting procedure in which voters cast multiple votes, with some votes positive and some negative. The procedure is a variant of the “D21” method proposed by Janeček (2016). The setting is the 2018 Czech Republic presidential election. Evidence is provided through a survey of secondary school students asked to cast ballots in both single- and multi-vote election experiments. Using the survey data, we estimate a spatial voting model to uncover ideological positions of candidates and respondents. Results suggest that the multi-vote procedure may limit the success of extreme candidates in elections.