Design and analysis of a photonic crystal-based all-optical 3-input OR gate for high-speed optical processing

The implementation of an optimized three-input OR gate has been accomplished through the use of T-shaped two-dimensional photonic crystals, which are made of silicon material submerged in an air background. Several parameters, such as refractive indices and radius, have been varied and the ON-to-OFF contrast ratios for the various parameters have been compared in order to reduce the probability of an error in the designed structure being produced. The simulation has been carried out for various combinations of OR gate and electric field intensities have been calculated at a specific wavelength of 1550 nm using the Finite-difference-time-domain method. Furthermore, the designed structure has achieved a contrast ratio of approximately 8.66 dB, a response time of 12 fs, transmission efficiency for the minimum and maximum values of 23% and 169%, insertion loss of 2.27 dB, and an operating speed of 83.3 Tbps, making it suitable for use in optical signal processing.