Antiresproative potency of D-carvone on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats

Background: Osteoporosis is a quiet disease with a pathological condition of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) leading to weakened bone. In this study, we evaluated the bone formation potency of D-carvone, an unsaturated monoterpenoid ketone phytochemical present in essential oil of aromatic plants with pharmacological prominence against the ovariectomy-induced rats. Materials and Methods: Ovariectomy was achieved in Sprague-Dawley rats and was employed for the present study. The rats were clustered into four sham-operated control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized treated with 5 mg/kg b. wt and 10 mg/kg b. wt, respectively. Body weight of rats was observed once a week and after the completion of treatment the rats were euthanized to isolate uterus, vagina, and femur. Results: The weight of the uterus, vagina, and femur were restrained to perceive the impact of D-carvone on reproductive organ and bone. The effect of D-carvone treatment in maintaining the BMD was evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and the biomechanical properties were measured with three-point bending test. Microcomputed tomography analysis was performed to scrutinize the D-carvone potency in trabecula of ovariectomized rats. Further to confirm D-carvone osteoblastic potency the bone turnover markers levels were enumerated. The bone healing effect of D-carvone in ovariectomized rats was considered with histological examination of femoral metaphysis. The impact of D-carvone on suppressing inflammation in ovariectomized rats was judged by estimating the levels of lipid profile and inflammatory cytokines. The osteoblastic potency of D-carvone was established by quantifying the gene expression osteblastic protein using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results evidenced that the D-carvone effectively inhibited the osteclastic activity in ovariectomized rats and augmented the expression of osteblastic proteins via suppressing the inflammatory markers. However, the additional experiments in future could endorse the D-carvone as a potential anti-osteoporotic drug.