Application of the SimZones educational model in developing sequential simulation- and practice-based learning for anesthesia training

[...]for zone 4 education, a post-event debriefing with video review is provided in clinical cases with some risk factors (i.e., upper respiratory infections) that are predetermined to record the scene of anesthesia induction. In these specific critical scenarios, zone 0 training is not necessarily required to acquire specific clinical skills (e.g., mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation). [...]we did not incorporate zone 0 training (solo practice stage of fundamental clinical skills) into specific simulation programs. [...]different clinical experiences, knowledge, and norms among team members can hinder an effective discussion during the post-event debriefing.