Localized orbital locator as a descriptor for quantification and digital presentation of lone pairs: benchmark calculations of 4-substituted pyridines

The parameters of the (3,−3) critical point in the localized orbital locator topology near a heteroatom have been found to reflect the changes in the size, density and electron energy of the lone pair and correlate with the donor ability of the lone pair carrying heteroatom. The parameters of the (3,−3) critical point in the localized orbital locator topology reflect the changes in the size, density and electron energy of the nitrogen lone pair and correlate with the complexation energy.