Off-Center High Velocity Impact on Cylindrical Pipes and Shells

Damage to cylindrical shells, such as pipes and structural elements, that results from collision with supersonically moving particles is studied. Unlike existing work, we examine the effects of off-center impact , where the impactor hits at an angle to the cylinder diameter at the point of contact. A numerical assessment of damage and perforation patterns is calculated. New types of damage patterns, including cases of breakup and ricocheting impactors are shown and discussed.