The evolution of an electrical fittings industrial cluster in Pakistan

This study provides an evolution process of electrical fittings industrial cluster in Pakistan by using two rounds of survey dataset (2008 and 2017) taken from the electrical fittings cluster in Sargodha. The descriptive analysis indicates that the Sargodha cluster is rich in human and social capital, which are central to multifaceted enterprise innovations. Another important finding is that the firm size is stagnant from 2008 to 2017, signifying that the firm faced internal and external problems at the cluster level. This study also infers that the Pakistan cluster has faced survival and growth challenges in the last few years. This study also underscores the importance of social and human capital in the cluster for long-term survival, sustainability, quality improvement phase, competitiveness, and inclusiveness. This analysis also suggests that the government should make the environment-friendly for SMEs to work effectively by improving industrial clusters.