Mixed convection hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially accelerating surface in a porous media

The present work proposes the theoretical model of the mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid past an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet. The transport phenomena occur in a porous medium along with the viscous dissipation and suction/injection effects. The governing equations expressing the current problem were modified into a solvable form of the mathematical model by applying valid similarity transformations. The function bvp4c in MATLAB was used to solve the attained equations. Two different solutions were achieved, and the stability analysis results designated that the upper branch solution promises stable transport phenomena in the flow region. The study also verified the influences of porosity parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction to broaden the existence range of the dual solutions. The heat transfer performance of hybrid nanofluid is enhanced than ordinary nanofluid. The proposed mixed convection hybrid nanofluid model is significant in the extrusion process, which yields desired heat transfer phenomena, and the disrupted flow phenomena are identified and clarified through the unstable solutions and stability analysis.