Quantum Sealed-Bid Vickrey Auction Protocol with Semi-Quantum Bidders

In this paper, a quantum sealed-bid protocol based on semi-quantum bidders is proposed. The protocol uses Bell states to encrypt message and realizes the process that bidders can directly transmit bidding information to the auction center safely. Its essence is a semi-quantum secure direct communication protocol using Bell states. Unlike most similar protocols, our scheme eliminates the trusted third-party Trent and sets the auction center Charlie as completely honest. Considering that the auction involves human activities, too many quantum servers are not only costly, but also unrealistic. Therefore, we set the bidders as semi-quantum users and implement the Vickrey auction. In addition, the security analysis shows that our scheme has high security and is completely feasible.