Assessing the retaining wall movement through finite element analysis for sustainable material as a backfill material

Retaining wall is built to withstand the lateral pressure exerted by the soil from the slope and pave way for other construction in the rear side. The ideal backfill material are granular graded stone, gravel, clean sand with a small percentage of fines; such material is durable, strong and free draining. Due to the depletion of the natural available material, sustainable material are considered ad alternative material for the backfill. In order to understand the influence of a sustainable material as backfill a finite element analysis was carried. The chosen materials are copper slag and crumb rubber with soil in their optimum percentage. The soil mixed with copper slag was able to take make load with minimum displacement compared to soil and soil + crumb rubber. Soil + crumb rubber gives more displacement than that of virgin soil because of its cushion effect compared to soil+ copper slag.