Multiple drainage can deliver higher rice yield and lower methane emission in paddy fields in An Giang Province, Vietnam

The Mekong Delta produces 55% of Vietnam’s rice ( Oryza sativa L.) through double or triple cropping each year. It accounts for a large proportion of Vietnam’s anthropogenic methane (CH 4 ) emissions. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a paddy water management practice recognized as a promising CH 4 mitigation option and may increase rice yield. However, AWD may also increase nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and its implementation is troublesome for farmers. Therefore, a simplified form of AWD (referred to here as “multiple drainage,” MD) is often adopted in An Giang Province, where full dike systems are prevailing, in the Mekong Delta. To evaluate the effects of MD on rice yield and emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O in An Giang Province, we carried out 2-year field experiments at three remote sites each surrounded by the dike systems. We compared MD and continuous flooding (CF) at each site under conventional agronomic practices through six consecutive rice growing seasons. Fluxes of CH 4 and N 2 O were measured by a closed chamber method. MD was achieved with varying degrees of success at each site, except during heavy rainfall events. Rice yield was significantly ( P