Simplified computational methods for estimating dynamic impedance of batter pile groups in homogeneous soil

A simplification of existing analytical solutions together with an extended hybrid model is proposed for estimating the horizontal impedance of batter pile groups subjected to harmonic loading. The solutions are given through compact interaction factors and analogue pile‐soil‐pile interaction elements. Benefits and pitfalls of the simplified models are elucidated through a comprehensive comparison with a refined finite element model. The effect of varying center‐to‐center pile distance with respect to depth is discussed. It is shown that the analytical model is able to represent pile‐soil‐pile interaction rather well within the specified framework.