Porous Matrices and Specific Features of Water in Nanostructures

The data in the literature on porous matrices and specific features of water in nanoporous structures are reviewed. This line of research is of great interest both for developing fundamental concepts about the behavior of liquids (in particular, water) under nanoconfinement conditions and in the context of possible practical applications of porous structures. Zeolite and silica matrices, carbon nanotubes, metalorganic materials, and various structures for medical and technical use are considered. It is shown that the structural and dynamic characteristics of nanoconfined water (density, viscosity, permittivity, structure and dynamics of hydrogen bonds, thermodynamic and relaxation processes, flows through pores, etc.) may differ from those typical of bulk water.