Ethanol extract of Tephrosia bracteolata leaves and its fractions ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes and its associated complications in Wistar rat model

Background Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. & Perr. (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is a traditional Nigerian medicinal plant used for the treatment of whitlow, toothache, wounds, and diabetes. Aim This study investigated the biochemical and histopathological effects of the ethanol extract of T . bracteolata leaves (EETB) and its fractions on alloxan - induced diabetic rats. Methods EETB was fractionated successively with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water to yield the respective fractions (nHF, CF, EAF, MF, and AF). The antidiabetic activities of EETB and its fractions at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (groups 4–15) were investigated in comparison to the normal control (group 1), the diabetic control (group 2), and the standard (150 mg/kg b.w. metformin, group 3) on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats (200–220 g) for 28 days. Alterations in some biochemical parameters and histopathology of major organs were assessed. Results Induction of diabetes triggered significant ( p